![]() ![]() Current perspectives in HIV post-exposure prophylaxis. Sexual activity without condoms and risk of HIV transmission in serodifferent couples when the HIV-positive partner is using suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Risk of HIV transmission through condomless sex in serodifferent gay couples with the HIV-positive partner taking suppressive antiretroviral therapy (PARTNER): final results of a multicentre, prospective, observational study. Interactions of HIV, other sexually transmitted diseases, and genital tract inflammation facilitating local pathogen transmission and acquisition. A model-based estimate of HIV infectivity via needle sharing. The effect of genital tract infections on HIV-1 shedding in the genital tract: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Male circumcision for HIV prevention in men in Rakai, Uganda: a randomised trial. Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men. ![]() Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Needlestick Surveillance Group. A case-control study of HIV seroconversion in health care workers after percutaneous exposure. Ĭardo DM, Culver DH, Ciesielski CA, et al. Ulcerating STDs and HIV: A cause for concern. Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: a randomised controlled trial. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention in heterosexual men and women. Randomized, controlled intervention trial of male circumcision for reduction of HIV infection risk: the ANRS 1265 Trial. ReferencesĪuvert B, Taljaard D, Lagarde E, et al. Data are insufficient to make recommendations regarding HIV transmission via breastfeeding. In the context of sexual exposure, there is a robust body of evidence that individuals do not sexually transmit HIV if they are taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) and have an undetectable viral load (HIV RNA <200 copies/mL) see NYSDOH AI U=U Guidance for Implementation in Clinical Settings. ![]() HIV transmission risk is low and often negligible when the source of the exposure has a low or undetectable viral load and is lower if the source is circumcised (if a cis-gender male and the circumcision is healed) or is taking antiretroviral medications as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). įactors that decrease the risk of HIV transmission: Similarly, across the 4 PEP scenarios, there are shared factors that decrease the risk of HIV infection. Factors that increase the risk of HIV transmission include early- and late-stage untreated HIV infection and a high level of HIV RNA in the blood, the presence of genital or anorectal ulcers from sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and direct blood-to-blood exchange, such as syringe sharing during injection drug use. HIV transmission risk depends on the viral load of the source with HIV and the type of exposure. Reviewed and updated: Medical Care Criteria Committee April 17, 2023įactors that increase the risk of transmission: Many factors that contribute to HIV infection are shared by the 4 PEP scenarios outlined below. ![]()
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